Why Power over Ethernet is the gold standard for security.
Why PoE Is the Gold Standard
Power over Ethernet (PoE) technology delivers both power and data through a single Ethernet cable. For security cameras, this means:
- One cable per camera — no separate power supply needed
- Reliable connection — no WiFi dropouts or signal interference
- Long cable runs — up to 100 metres without signal degradation
- Consistent video quality — no compression from wireless transmission
- Easy troubleshooting — if the cable works, the camera works
PoE has been the professional installer's choice for over a decade, and it's now accessible and affordable for DIY homeowners.
How PoE Works
A PoE system consists of three core components:
- PoE NVR: The recorder with built-in PoE switch. Cameras plug directly into the back of the NVR
- IP Cameras: Network cameras that accept power and data via Ethernet
- Ethernet Cable: Cat5e or Cat6 cable connecting each camera to the NVR
The NVR's built-in PoE switch supplies up to 15W per port (IEEE 802.3af) or 30W per port (IEEE 802.3at/PoE+). Standard cameras need 12–15W, while PTZ cameras may need 25W+.
What to Look For in a PoE System
Resolution
- 4MP (2K): Best value — clear facial identification at 10–15 metres
- 5MP: Slightly sharper than 4MP, minimal price increase
- 8MP (4K): Maximum detail — ideal for identifying number plates and fine details at distance
NVR Specifications
- Channels: Buy more than you need. An 8-channel NVR for 4 cameras leaves room to expand
- PoE Budget: Total power available across all ports. Ensure it exceeds your cameras' combined draw
- HDD Bays: Dual-bay NVRs allow RAID or extended storage
- Decoding Capacity: 4K NVRs should decode at least 2 channels at 4K simultaneously
Camera Features
- H.265+ compression: Reduces storage usage by up to 80% compared to H.264
- Smart detection: AI-powered human and vehicle detection
- Audio: Built-in microphone for recording sound (check local laws)
- IR range: Minimum 30m for residential, 50m+ for larger properties
PoE vs WiFi vs 4G: Comparison
| Feature | PoE | WiFi | 4G |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reliability | ★★★★★ | ★★★ | ★★★★ |
| Video Quality | ★★★★★ | ★★★★ | ★★★ |
| Installation Effort | Medium | Easy | Easy |
| Running Cost | None | None | SIM data plan |
| Cable Required | Yes | No | No |
| Max Range | 100m | 15–30m | Unlimited (with signal) |
| Best For | Homes, businesses | Renters, small areas | Remote/rural sites |
System Sizing Guide
| Property Type | Cameras | NVR Channels | HDD Size | Estimated Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apartment | 2–3 | 4 | 1 TB | $300–500 |
| Townhouse | 3–4 | 8 | 2 TB | $500–800 |
| House (3 bed) | 4–6 | 8 | 2–4 TB | $700–1,200 |
| Large home | 6–8 | 16 | 4–6 TB | $1,200–2,000 |
| Small business | 8–16 | 16–32 | 6–8 TB | $2,000–4,000 |
Installation Considerations
- Cable planning is key: Map cable routes before purchasing. Measure distances and add 20% for bends and slack
- Use Cat6 for future-proofing: Only marginally more expensive than Cat5e but supports higher bandwidth
- Outdoor cable runs: Use UV-rated cable or run through conduit
- Central NVR location: Place the NVR centrally to minimise cable lengths
- Ventilation: Ensure the NVR has airflow — enclosed cabinets need ventilation fans
Summary
A PoE security camera system is the most reliable, highest-quality option for protecting your home or business. The one-time effort of running cables is rewarded with years of maintenance-free operation, consistent video quality, and zero ongoing costs. Start with a system that covers your entry points, and expand as needed.